{"id":353,"date":"2021-03-09T00:58:52","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T22:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/rella\/?p=353"},"modified":"2021-03-09T00:58:52","modified_gmt":"2021-03-08T22:58:52","slug":"lescola-laica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/rella\/2021\/03\/09\/lescola-laica\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019escola laica"},"content":{"rendered":"

La la\u00efcitat de l\u2019Estat i de les seves institucions, entre les quals l\u2019escola, \u00e9s un principi de conc\u00f2rdia de tots els \u00e9ssers humans fonamentat en all\u00f2 que els uneix i no sobre all\u00f2 que els separa. Pot definir-se la la\u00efcitat com un r\u00e8gim social de conviv\u00e8ncia, on les institucions pol\u00edtiques estan legitimades per la sobirania popular i no per elements religiosos o conviccions particulars.[1]<\/a> Aix\u00f2 suposa la separaci\u00f3 d\u2019esgl\u00e9sies i Estat i la instauraci\u00f3 d\u2019un Estat modern.<\/p>\n

El primer intent seri\u00f3s d\u2019abordar aquesta q\u00fcesti\u00f3 el fa la II Rep\u00fablica. La seva curta durada pel cop d\u2019Estat feixista i el resultat de la guerra civil van comportar \u00a0una involuci\u00f3 que duraria mes de quaranta anys. La import\u00e0ncia i la virul\u00e8ncia que va tenir la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 religiosa en l\u2019enfrontament de las dos Espa\u00f1as<\/em>, condicionar\u00e0 el debat constitucional i, al meu parer, la situaci\u00f3 actual.<\/p>\n

La separaci\u00f3 entre Esgl\u00e9sia i Estat no es dona fins a l\u2019aprovaci\u00f3 de la Constituci\u00f3 de 1978, per\u00f2 llastrada pels acords entre l\u2019Estat espanyol i la Santa Seu signats el 3 de gener de l\u2019any seg\u00fcent, amb les Corts dissoltes, pactats simult\u00e0niament al debat constitucional. \u00c9s aix\u00ed que a l\u2019article 16.3 es diu: \u201cEls poders p\u00fablics tindran en compte les creences religioses de la societat espanyola i mantindran les conseg\u00fcents relacions de cooperaci\u00f3 amb l\u2019Esgl\u00e9sia cat\u00f2lica i les altres confessions\u201d. Quedava clar que l\u2019Esgl\u00e9sia cat\u00f2lica no pensava renunciar a la seva quota d\u2019influ\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

Malgrat l\u2019aconfessionalitat de l\u2019Estat i la progressiva secularitzaci\u00f3 de la societat es mantenen privilegis de l\u2019Esgl\u00e9sia cat\u00f2lica tant en l\u2019esfera p\u00fablica (matrimonis, simbologies..) com en el seu poder en l\u2019escola privada, la presencia de la religi\u00f3 cat\u00f2lica a l\u2019escola p\u00fablica i el seu finan\u00e7ament amb diner p\u00fablic. Podem afegir privilegis fiscals, les immatriculacions…<\/p>\n

Parlem de la\u00efcitat com la separaci\u00f3\u0301 de Estat i Esgl\u00e9sia, i la llibertat o autonomia de les consciencies individuals. En aquests moments cal connotar-la amb el debat que ha obert la multiculturalitat creixent, en les societats desenvolupades.<\/p>\n

L\u2019escola p\u00fablica que es correspon a aquesta situaci\u00f3 ha de ser inclusiva, no dogm\u00e0tica, cient\u00edfica, plural \u2013que no neutra\u2013, laica en definitiva. Per\u00f2, en l\u2019actual marc legal, podem parlar d\u2019escola p\u00fablica laica? No, cal denunciar els acords del 1979 i fer una nova llei de llibertat religiosa, per\u00f2 els intents de fer-ho que hi ha hagut a les Corts han trobat l\u2019oposici\u00f3 de la dreta (de la catalana tamb\u00e9).<\/p>\n

Penso d\u2019altra banda que hi ha una certa resignaci\u00f3 paralitzant que en moments mes dif\u00edcils no ten\u00edem. L\u2019escriptora Najat El Hachmi recorda l\u2019actitud combativa de les seves mestres \u201cVan batallar sense arronsar-se gens per la nostra escolaritzaci\u00f3, per les nostres excursions, per la nataci\u00f3, per la nostra participaci\u00f3 en tots els \u00e0mbits. Tant els feia la cultura d\u2019origen, la igualtat era un dret universal\u201d .<\/p>\n

La introducci\u00f3\u0301 a l\u2019escola d\u2019aquesta pluralitat\/la\u00efcisme era i es dif\u00edcil, per\u00f2\u0300 no impossible. El curs 1972-73 al Centre Pilot i Experimental \u201cRibot i Serra\u201d de Sabadell, que depenia de l’ICE de la UAB, aprofitant l’autonomia de ten\u00edem els mestres, vam decidir no celebrar el Nadal a l\u2019escola. No es tractava d\u2019ignorar la festa (parl\u00e0vem del que\u0300 far\u00edem a casa, amb la fam\u00edlia), sin\u00f3\u0301 de no identificar l\u2019escola amb una celebraci\u00f3\u0301 religiosa.<\/p>\n

Els anys seg\u00fcents vaig treballar a l\u2019Escola Heura, cooperativa de mestres, membre de Coordinaci\u00f3\u0301 Escolar i posteriorment del CEPEPC. No hi havia religi\u00f3\u0301 a l\u2019escola, per\u00f2\u0300 nens i nenes parlaven del bateig d\u2019una germaneta o de la primera comuni\u00f3\u0301 i ho comentaven amb naturalitat amb els altres companys que no eren de fam\u00edlies religioses. L\u2019escola donava molta import\u00e0ncia a la m\u00fasica i a la can\u00e7\u00f3\u0301 tradicional catalana i per tant es cantaven nadales… Sense cap mena de dubte la clau per aquesta bona conviv\u00e8ncia, que anava molt mes enll\u00e0\u0300 de la toler\u00e0ncia, era la implicaci\u00f3\u0301 de les fam\u00edlies a l\u2019escola i la seva relaci\u00f3\u0301 amb els mestres.<\/p>\n

Des del punt de vista del creient, si la fe \u00e9s esperan\u00e7a i participaci\u00f3 comunit\u00e0ria, que vol dir convertir-la en assignatura que s\u2019aprova o se susp\u00e8n?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hi havia limitacions i contradiccions, \u00e9s clar. Per\u00f2 evit\u00e0vem situacions greus: la formaci\u00f3\u0301 religiosa a l\u2019escola obliga a separar els alumnes en aules diferents a m\u00e9s de deixar en el llimbs els qui no tenen conviccions religioses. O l\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 dels seus preceptes morals, com el cas de la Najat, en limita els drets i aix\u00f2\u0300 es tot el contrari a una escola democr\u00e0tica, plural, inclusiva. Recordem que no hem separat l\u2019alumnat per raons de llegua, tampoc ho hem de fer per raons de creences.<\/p>\n

El pensament laic posa la ra\u00f3 enfront de la revelaci\u00f3 i els pactes i els acords enfront dels dogmes. L\u2019escola laica no \u00e9s una escola multiconfessional segregadora que margina les cosmovisions no religioses, que separa el seu alumnat.<\/p>\n

He evitat entrar en els falsos debats de si el la\u00efcisme \u00e9s antireligi\u00f3s o si el la\u00efcisme \u00e9s ateisme o agnosticisme. El que em permeto assenyalar \u00e9s, des d\u2019un punt de vista dels creients, que si la fe \u00e9s esperan\u00e7a i participaci\u00f3 comunit\u00e0ria, que vol dir convertir-la en assignatura que s\u2019aprova o se susp\u00e8n?<\/p>\n

Penso que un plantejament que vulgui ser respectu\u00f3s amb la pluralitat existent ha de donar un nou sentit i protagonisme a la la\u00efcitat.<\/strong> No es tracta de centrar-nos en la independ\u00e8ncia del dogma, religi\u00f3s i no religi\u00f3s, sin\u00f3 de buscar l\u2019espai com\u00fa<\/strong> dels ciutadans i ciutadanes individuals i de les comunitats, que \u00e9s el reconeixement dels drets<\/strong> de ciutadania<\/strong> per a tothom, evitant en tot moment reduir la diversitat a una multiconfessionalitat que porti cap a la tribalitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n

Dimecres 17 de mar\u00e7 Carme Tolosana participar\u00e0 en el cicle de xerrades \u2018El temps virtual a Rella\u2019<\/a> que organitza l\u2019associaci\u00f3. Es pot seguir en obert a trav\u00e9s de Youtube.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> EUROPA LAICA \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Laicismo?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La la\u00efcitat de l\u2019Estat i de les seves institucions, entre les quals l\u2019escola, \u00e9s un principi de conc\u00f2rdia de tots els \u00e9ssers humans fonamentat en all\u00f2 que els uneix i no sobre all\u00f2 que els separa. Pot definir-se la la\u00efcitat com un r\u00e8gim social de conviv\u00e8ncia, on les institucions pol\u00edtiques estan legitimades per la sobirania<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":376,"featured_media":354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"tipo":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-353","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-escola"},"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019escola laica - El Blog de Rella<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/rella\/2021\/03\/09\/lescola-laica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019escola laica - El Blog de Rella\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La la\u00efcitat de l\u2019Estat i de les seves institucions, entre les quals l\u2019escola, \u00e9s un principi de conc\u00f2rdia de tots els \u00e9ssers humans fonamentat en all\u00f2 que els uneix i no sobre all\u00f2 que els separa. 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