{"id":142,"date":"2014-11-12T08:18:10","date_gmt":"2014-11-12T08:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/senderi\/?p=142"},"modified":"2024-05-13T13:08:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:08:51","slug":"el-primer-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/senderi\/2014\/11\/12\/el-primer-home\/","title":{"rendered":"El primer home"},"content":{"rendered":"

El 4 de gener de 1960, Albert Cam\u00fas va morir en un accident d\u2019auto a Villeblerin, (Fran\u00e7a). A la seva cartera portava una novel\u2022la inacabada, encara sense t\u00edtol, que no es va publicar fins desembre de 1994 com a El primer home<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dies abans havia declarat a un periodista que la seva obra encara no havia comen\u00e7at.<\/p>\n

Tres anys abans (1957) havia rebut el premi Nobel per obres com ara “L\u2019estranger” (42), “El mite de S\u00edsif” (42), “Cal\u00edgula” (45), “La Pesta” (1947), “Els Justos” (49), o “L\u2019home rebel “(51). Obres que fins al present no han deixat de publicar-se.<\/p>\n

Anteriorment \u00a0Camus \u00a0havia participat activament a la Resist\u00e8ncia i havia fundat i dirigit la revista clandestina Combat.<\/p>\n

Havia arribat a Paris despr\u00e9s de ser rebutjat com a professor per la Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres d\u2019Argel, a causa de la seva tuberculosi, malaltia que tamb\u00e9 li va impedir ser adm\u00e8s com a soldat a la segona guerra mundial.<\/p>\n

Quan encara vivia a Argel, \u00a0havia fundat una companyia teatral \u00a0de la que va ser actor i director. L\u2019amor al teatre l\u2019acompanyar\u00e0 tot la vida. Com Sartre, va intentar la difusi\u00f3 de les seves idees a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019escena.<\/p>\n

Molts anys abans, (1915), als dos anys d\u2019edat, \u00a0Camus havia perdut el seu pare, mort a les trinxeres de la Gran Guerra. El seu pare havia arribat a Arg\u00e8lia feia temps com a emigrant amb la seva dona, una menorquina analfabeta i quasi muda impulsat per les promeses del govern de Paris, que va fer servir les masses depauperades de la \u201cbanlieu\u201d per omplir de francesos la seva col\u00f2nia. Cal dir que el projecte del govern no era tant afrancesar Arg\u00e8lia com \u00a0allunyar les masses obreres de Paris.<\/p>\n

En\u00a0El primer home<\/strong>, Albert Camus ens explica les arrels de la seva vida, \u00a0semblants a la hist\u00f2ria de tots els pobres. Dibuixa la seva \u00a0humil fam\u00edlia com plena de tendresa per\u00f2 poc capa\u00e7 d\u2019expressar-la, \u00a0poderosa i vulnerable al mateix temps, compromesa de forma senzilla amb la p\u00e0tria francesa, m\u00e9s madrastra que mare, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 amb els seus conciutadans argelins, agermanats per la mateixa pobresa.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s una hist\u00f2ria obscura i lluminosa al mateix: \u00a0des del punt de mira d\u2019un adult \u00a0amb una vida aposentada d\u2019 intel\u2022lectual franc\u00e8s reconegut amb un premi nobel, \u00a0Camus sent la necessitat de tornar a la seva inf\u00e0ncia i posar paraules all\u00e0 on la seva mare callava, i d\u2019explicar-nos amb una emoci\u00f3 extraordin\u00e0ria que aquella incapacitat \u00a0de convertir en paraules el profund amor que els unia no provenia sin\u00f3 de la mis\u00e8ria.<\/p>\n

Des d\u2019 aquesta perspectiva\u00a0El primer home<\/strong>\u00a0cont\u00e9 p\u00e0gines extraordin\u00e0ries.<\/p>\n

\u201cL’\u00fanica cosa que en Jacques \u00a0(ell mateix) havia pogut veure i experimentar en mat\u00e8ria de moral era simplement que ning\u00fa havia pensat mai que poguessin existir altres vies fora del treball m\u00e9s dur per obtenir els diners necessaris per viure. Per\u00f2 aquesta no era una lli\u00e7\u00f3 de moral sin\u00f3 de coratge<\/em>\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Albert Cam\u00fas reconstrueix la figura del seu pare que s\u2019havia convertir en una imatge borrosa i oblidada, \u00a0perduda entre les boires dels records infantils i que troba finalment \u00a0en una m\u00edsera tomba, entre la dels milers de caiguts an\u00f2nims. Davant de la tomba s\u2019adona que el seu pare havia mort amb menys anys que ell mateix en aquell moment. La m\u00e0xima pobresa \u00e9s no haver tingut ocasi\u00f3 d\u2019una vida digna.<\/p>\n

A la vegada que la figura del seu pare, Cam\u00fas ref\u00e0 el sentit de la seva vida presentant-nos tamb\u00e9 la felicitat possible i els valors d\u2019una vida simple. La pobresa tamb\u00e9 t\u00e9 una \u00e8pica pr\u00f2pia.<\/p>\n

El resultat \u00e9s una obra d\u2019una profunda tendresa i tamb\u00e9 d\u2019una intensitat emocional que ens atrapa.<\/p>\n

Freud que havia parlat de la necessitat que tenim tots de \u201cmatar el pare\u201d. \u00a0Camus camina aqu\u00ed a contradirecci\u00f3: un pare mort reivindicat, reconstru\u00eft per un \u00a0fill que no el podia recordar, i que aix\u00ed \u00a0troba el seu lloc m\u00e9s aut\u00e8ntic en el m\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Sartre havia proclamat que \u201cl\u2019home \u00e9s llibertat\u201d. Cam\u00fas s\u2019adona que con\u00e8ixer les pr\u00f2pies arrels d\u00f3na i a la vegada treu llibertat. \u00a0 Es tracta d\u2019un individualisme que humanitza profundament l\u2019existencialisme de Sartre, amb qui havia compartit part del seu cam\u00ed. Trencar\u00e0 amb ell el 1956, a partir d\u2019una acusaci\u00f3 \u201cd\u2019esteticisme \u00e8tic\u201d a la revista Liberation.<\/p>\n

Al rerefons del conflicte hi havia la negativa de Cam\u00fas d\u2019acceptar la viol\u00e8ncia, l\u2019assassinat, i el terrorisme en nom del comprom\u00eds politic, com\u00fa en els intel\u2022lectuals d\u2019esquerra d\u2019aquell moment.<\/p>\n

A \u201cLa Pesta\u201d havia escrit:<\/p>\n

\u201cPer aix\u00f2 m\u2019he decidit a rebutjar tot all\u00f2 que, de prop o de lluny, per bones o males raons faci morir o justifiqui que es faci morir\u201d (…) Fa temps que s\u00e9 que ja no serveixo per aquest m\u00f3n, i que, a partir del moment en qu\u00e8 he renunciat a matar, m\u2019he condemnat a mi mateix a l\u2019exili definitiu<\/em>\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Per\u00f2 a \u201cLa Pesta\u201d, novel\u2022la tota ella metaf\u00f2rica i potser excessivament doctrin\u00e0ria, \u00a0es descobreix que D\u00e9u tamb\u00e9 mata amb la epid\u00e8mia, fet \u00a0especialment escandal\u00f3s quan es tracta d\u2019 infants innocents. La injust\u00edcia del mal deixa D\u00e9u al marge. \u00a0Per\u00f2 en el debat sobre l\u2019actitud a prendre apareixen dues postures no antit\u00e8tiques:<\/p>\n

\u201cEn resum \u2013va dir Tarrou amb senzillesa\u2014el que m\u2019interessa \u00e9s com es pot arribar a ser sant.<\/em><\/p>\n

–Per\u00f2 llavors vost\u00e8 creu en D\u00e9u.<\/em><\/p>\n

–En absolut. Justament crec que es pot arribar a ser sant sense D\u00e9u\u201d<\/em>
\n<\/em>(…)<\/p>\n

\u201c–\u00c9s possible \u00a0\u2013va respondre el doctor–, per\u00f2 jo em sento m\u00e9s solidari amb els ven\u00e7uts que amb els sants. No tinc afecci\u00f3 a l\u2019heroisme ni a la santedat. El que m\u2019interessa \u00e9s ser home\u201d<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

El matis t\u00e9 import\u00e0ncia: l\u2019home no por renunciar a la felicitat en nom d\u2019heroismes de cap mena. \u00a0\u201cEls homes moren i no s\u00f3n feli\u00e7os<\/em>” , i tamb\u00e9 \u201cNo \u00e9s vergony\u00f3s preferir la felicitat<\/em>\u201d va dir en altres ocasions.<\/p>\n

Camus presenta la persona com a \u00e0tom \u00faltim de la llibertat, seguint la tradici\u00f3 kantiana. \u00a0Els seguidors de Hegel, pel contrari (marxismes, nacionalismes, religions multitudin\u00e0ries), presenten la comunitat com a subjecte de la hist\u00f2ria. \u00a0Camus posa \u00e8mfasi a l\u2019individu, l\u2019\u00fanic que es pot dir que viu la vida conscient, l\u2019\u00fanic que li d\u00f3na el sentit que vol, \u00a0l\u2019\u00fanic \u00a0capa\u00e7 \u00a0d\u2019escapolir-se d\u2019un determinisme \u00a0que pot privar-lo de la seva dimensi\u00f3 \u00e8tica, de les seves arrels distintives, molt m\u00e9s aut\u00e8ntiques que els de la naci\u00f3 o classe social.<\/p>\n

Anys m\u00e9s tard, davant de la sagnant guerra d\u2019alliberament nacional d\u2019Arg\u00e8lia, en plena eclosi\u00f3 del Front Nacional d\u2019Alliberament, Camus va proclamar una “Crida a treva civil” i va exigir \u00a0el respecte i \u00a0la protecci\u00f3 sense condicions per la poblaci\u00f3 civil. Mentre llegia el manifest, al carrer era escridassat per la gent, \u00a0que demanava la seva mort.<\/p>\n

En algun moment proclam\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u201cA Argel posen bombes al tramvies. La meva mare pot anar en un d\u2019aquests tramvies. Si haig de triar entre la just\u00edcia i la meva mare trio la meva mare<\/em>\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fitxa t\u00e8cnica:<\/strong>
\n\"elprimerhome\"<\/a>T\u00edtol<\/b>: El primer hombre
\nAutor:<\/strong>\u00a0Albert Camus
\nEditorial<\/b>: \u00a0Tusquets
\nCol.lecci\u00f3:<\/strong> Andanzas
\nAny de publicaci\u00f3<\/b>: \u00a01994
\nTraducci\u00f3<\/b>: Aurora Bern\u00e0rdez
\nISBN<\/strong>:\u00a0ISBN 10: 8472238318 \/ ISBN 13: 9788472238312<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El 4 de gener de 1960, Albert Cam\u00fas va morir en un accident d\u2019auto a Villeblerin, (Fran\u00e7a). A la seva cartera portava una novel\u2022la inacabada, encara sense t\u00edtol, que no es va publicar fins desembre de 1994 com a “El primer home” […]<\/a>
\nFont de les fotografies: es.wikipedia.org i www.tusquetseditores.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[139,113],"tipo":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-142","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-valors-a-la-literatura-del-segle-xx","8":"tag-albert-camus","9":"tag-literatura-i-valors"},"yoast_head":"\nEl primer home - Senderi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/senderi\/2014\/11\/12\/el-primer-home\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El primer home - Senderi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El 4 de gener de 1960, Albert Cam\u00fas va morir en un accident d\u2019auto a Villeblerin, (Fran\u00e7a). A la seva cartera portava una novel\u2022la inacabada, encara sense t\u00edtol, que no es va publicar fins desembre de 1994 com a "El primer home" [...] Font de les fotografies: es.wikipedia.org i www.tusquetseditores.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/senderi\/2014\/11\/12\/el-primer-home\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senderi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/diarieducacio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-11-12T08:18:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T11:08:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/diarieducacio.cat\/senderi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/11\/camus-extracte.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"175\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"130\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mariano Royo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DiariEducacio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DiariEducacio\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mariano Royo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mariano Royo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6edbb8ba629cd8e21b8d1ada69cdb1a4\"},\"headline\":\"El primer home\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-12T08:18:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T11:08:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1264,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/27\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/camus-extracte.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Albert Camus\",\"Literatura i valors\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Valors a la novel.la del segle XX\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/diarieducacio.cat\\\/senderi\\\/2014\\\/11\\\/12\\\/el-primer-home\\\/\",\"name\":\"El primer home - 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